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(a) Holozoic nutrition is a type of nutrition observed in animals where solid organic food is ingested, digested, and absorbed into the body to provide energy and nutrients. This process involves the ingestion of whole food particles, digestion in the digestive tract, and absorption of the digested nutrients into the bloodstream.
(b) The ileum, which is the final section of the small intestine, is adapted for the absorption of soluble food through several structural features:
- Villi: The inner lining of the ileum is covered with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for absorption.
- Microvilli: Each villus is further covered with even smaller projections called microvilli, which further increase the surface area for absorption.
- Blood vessels: The walls of the ileum are richly supplied with blood vessels, allowing for efficient absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
- Thin epithelial lining: The epithelial cells lining the ileum are thin and permeable, facilitating the diffusion of nutrients into the bloodstream.
(c)
| Function | Proper vision |
|-------------------|------------------------------------------|
| Vitamin/mineral | Source |
| Vitamin A | Milk, meat, fish, eggs, carrots, etc. |
| Ricket's | Vitamin D (from sunlight, fortified foods, fatty fish, egg yolks, etc.) |
| Iron | Red meat, poultry, fish, lentils, beans, fortified cereals, etc. |
| Anaemia | Oranges, grapes, limes, strawberries, broccoli, spinach, etc. |
| Calcium | Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt), leafy greens (kale, spinach), fortified foods (orange juice, cereals), etc. |
| Prevents bleeding gums | Vitamin C (citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers, tomatoes, broccoli, etc.) |
| Helps in muscle contraction | Magnesium (nuts, seeds, whole grains, leafy greens, fish, bananas, etc.) |
(Note: The completion of the table may vary based on the specific requirements or context of the question.)
(a) Holozoic nutrition is a type of nutrition observed in animals where solid organic food is ingested, digested, and absorbed into the body to provide energy and nutrients. This process involves the ingestion of whole food particles, digestion in the digestive tract, and absorption of the digested nutrients into the bloodstream.
(b) The ileum, which is the final section of the small intestine, is adapted for the absorption of soluble food through several structural features:
- Villi: The inner lining of the ileum is covered with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for absorption.
- Microvilli: Each villus is further covered with even smaller projections called microvilli, which further increase the surface area for absorption.
- Blood vessels: The walls of the ileum are richly supplied with blood vessels, allowing for efficient absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
- Thin epithelial lining: The epithelial cells lining the ileum are thin and permeable, facilitating the diffusion of nutrients into the bloodstream.
(c)
| Function | Proper vision |
|-------------------|------------------------------------------|
| Vitamin/mineral | Source |
| Vitamin A | Milk, meat, fish, eggs, carrots, etc. |
| Ricket's | Vitamin D (from sunlight, fortified foods, fatty fish, egg yolks, etc.) |
| Iron | Red meat, poultry, fish, lentils, beans, fortified cereals, etc. |
| Anaemia | Oranges, grapes, limes, strawberries, broccoli, spinach, etc. |
| Calcium | Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt), leafy greens (kale, spinach), fortified foods (orange juice, cereals), etc. |
| Prevents bleeding gums | Vitamin C (citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers, tomatoes, broccoli, etc.) |
| Helps in muscle contraction | Magnesium (nuts, seeds, whole grains, leafy greens, fish, bananas, etc.) |
(Note: The completion of the table may vary based on the specific requirements or context of the question.)